A graphic organizer is an instructional tool used to illustrate a student or class's prior knowledge about a topic or section of text; specific examples include the
"KWLH Technique"
The K-W-L-H teaching technique is a good method to help students activate prior knowledge. It is a group instruction activity developed by Donna Ogle (1986) that serves as a model for active thinking during reading.
- K - Stands for helping students recall what they KNOW about the subject.
W - Stands for helping students determine what they WANT to learn.
L - Stands for helping students identify what they LEARN as they read.
H - Stands for HOW we can learn more (other sources where additional information on the topic can be found).
Students complete the "categories" section at the bottom of the graphic organizer by
asking themselves what each statement in the "L" section (What We Learned) describes.
They use these categories and the information in the "H" section (How Can We Learn
More) to learn more about the topic. Students also can use the categories to create
additional graphic organizers. They can use the organizers to review and write about
what they've learned.
Sample K-W-L-H
Dinosaurs
| What We Know | What We Want to Find Out | What We Learned | How Can We Learn More |
| Dinosaurs are large. Dinosaurs are dead. They lived a long time ago. There is a movie about dinosaurs | How long ago did they live? Why did they die? How do we know what they looked like? Who are the people who study dinosaurs? | An archeologist has an exciting life. Dinosaurs eat plants and some eat meat. Some dinosaurs were gigantic, but had small brains. Fossils uncover dinosaur traits.
| Research Museums Field Trips Archeological digs Videos Internet computer search |
| Categories of Information we expect to use:
| |||
"Anticipation/Reaction Guide"
An Anticipation/Reaction Guide is used to assess a class's knowledge before they begin a lesson.
Prior Knowledge Topic Survey
Anticipation/Reaction Guide
Instruction: Respond to each statement twice: once before the lesson and again after reading it.
- Write A if you agree with the statement
- Write B if you disagree with the statement
| Response Before Lesson | TOPIC: Dinosaurs | Response After Lesson |
| Dinosaurs are the most successful group of land animals ever to roam the Earth. | ||
| Paleontology is the study of fossils. | ||
| Human beings belong to the Zenozoic Era. | ||
| Most dinosaurs have Greek names. | ||
| Some dinosaurs are named for places in which their fossilized remains were found. | ||
| Dinosaurs ruled our planet for over 150 million years. | ||
| Dinosaurs had small brains |
Continuation Regarding Graphic Organizers :
Used to describe a central idea: a thing (a geographic region), process (meiosis), concept (altruism), or proposition with support (experimental drugs should be available to AIDS victims). Key frame questions: What is the central idea? What are its attributes? What are its functions?
Used to describe the stages of something (the life cycle of a primate); the steps in a linear procedure (how to neutralize an acid); a sequence of events (how feudalism led to the formation of nation states); or the goals, actions, and outcomes of a historical figure or character in a novel (the rise and fall of Napoleon). Key frame questions: What is the object, procedure, or initiating event? What are the stages or steps? How do they lead to one another? What is the final outcome?
Used for time lines showing historical events or ages (grade levels in school), degrees of something (weight), shades of meaning (Likert scales), or ratings scales (achievement in school). Key frame questions: What is being scaled? What are the end points?
Compare/Contrast Matrix
| | Name 1 | Name 2 |
| Attribute 1 | | |
| Attribute 2 | | |
| Attribute 3 | | |
Used to show similarities and differences between two things (people, places, events, ideas, etc.). Key frame question: What things are being compared? How are they similar? How are they different?
Used to represent a problem, attempted solutions, and results (the national debt). Key frame questions: What was the problem? Who had the problem? Why was it a problem? What attempts were made to solve the problem? Did those attempts succeed?
Used to show causal information (causes of poverty), a hierarchy (types of insects), or branching procedures (the circulatory system). Key frame questions: What is the superordinate category? What are the subordinate categories? How are they related? How many levels are there?
Used to show the nature of an interaction between persons or groups (Europeans settlers and American Indians). Key frame questions: Who are the persons or groups? What were their goals? Did they conflict or cooperate? What was the outcome for each person or group?
Used to show the causal interaction of a complex event (an election, a nuclear explosion) or complex phenomenon (juvenile delinquency, learning disabilities). Key frame questions: What are the factors that cause X ? How do they interrelate? Are the factors that cause X the same as those that cause X to persist?
Used to show how a series of events interact to produce a set of results again and again (weather phenomena, cycles of achievement and failure, the life cycle). Key frame questions: What are the critical events in the cycle? How are they related? In what ways are they self-reinforcing?
SAMPLES of GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS :
Title: Classroom Organizer Workbook Sample Description: Contains 30 graphic organizers that will assist K-12 teachers to help students be strategic learners in any content area. Each graphic organizer comes complete with a description for the appropriate use of the organizer.
- Title: Science Graphic Organizers Workbook Sample
Description: The Science Graphic Organizer Workbook offers a variety of organizers that can be used to assist learners in developing the knowledge and skill related to science content. These organizers can be easily adapted for use in all grade levels.
- Title: End Of School Series: Checklist For Teachers & Checklist For Parents
Description: Imagine if you didn't have to spend a feverish day trying to prepare reminder checklist for parents or yourself. We did it for you! Everything teachers and parents could possibly need to do. Just print, copy, and hand out. You just saved one day of your life.
- Title: Language Organizers Workbook Sample
Description: Graphic organizers specifically designed for use in the Language Arts classroom. This graphic organizer pack includes graphic organizers for: Literature Analysis - characters, comparisons, complete works, paragraphs, chapters, story elements, and much more! Each graphic organizer comes complete with a description for the appropriate use of the organizer.
- Title: Math Graphic Organizer Pack
Description: 30 high-quality printable graphic organizers designed specifically for math. Each sheet helps students focus on math concepts and increase higher level thinking skills. Includes a vast array of K-12 math concepts. A huge math helper.
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